She's curious, energetic, and mobile. Her challenge is to explore her environment.
Typical Behavior:
Best Discipline Strategies:
Life is an emotional roller coaster. His challenge is to begin to make sense of his feelings.
Typical Behavior:
Best Discipline Strategies:
Her budding independence is a source of pride. Her challenge is to gain increasing control of her emotions.
Typical Behavior:
Best Discipline Strategies:
Your preschooler's social skills are blossoming. His challenge is to balance his needs with those of others.
Typical Behavior:
Best Discipline Strategies:
She grasps concrete consequences. Her challenge is to act according to her emerging sense of conscience.
Typical Behavior:
Best Discipline Strategies:
Your child's world is expanding. His challenge is to handle new social and academic pressures.
Typical Behavior:
Best Discipline Strategies:
She's learning about groups and social behavior. Her challenge is to figure out where she fits in.
Typical Behavior:
Best Discipline Strategies:
Sources: Michele Borba, Ed.D., Parents advisory-board member and author of Building Moral Intelligence (Jossey-Bass, 2001); Robin Goodman, director, AboutOurKids.org, New York University Child Study Center, in New York City; Ruth Peters, Ph.D., author of It's Never Too Soon to Discipline (St. Martin's Griffin, 1998); Martha Heineman Pieper, Ph.D., coauthor of Smart Love (Harvard Common Press, 2001); Lawrence E. Shapiro, Ph.D., author of An Ounce of Prevention (HarperCollins, 2000); Kevin Steede, Ph.D., author of 10 Most Common Mistakes Good Parents Make and How to Avoid Them (Prima, 1998).
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