PANDAS: A Scary and Controversial Disorder

Could a sudden, severe change in a child's behavior be brought on by something as common as strep throat? Many experts -- and distraught parents -- say yes. We dig deeper to find out what's going on, and which children are at risk.
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When Kelly Bossman's daughter Karli started kindergarten in 2008, there were no signs that anything was amiss. Karli made friends easily and enjoyed being a big sister to her three siblings at the Bossmans' home in Clayton, North Carolina.

Then one morning in November, Karli screamed that she didn't want to go to school. Her underwear, she complained, was too tight. Bossman offered her another pair, but Karli also cried that her shoelaces were too loose, then too snug. Everything, down to the seams of her socks, hurt.

What Bossman figured was an "off" morning quickly became a pattern. Karli threw objects in protest. She hit, kicked, and spit at her parents and siblings. Other upsetting behaviors followed over the next several days: Karli feared traveling in the family's minivan, because she was convinced it would run out of gas. "Some mornings she was tantruming so badly, I couldn't get her into the car," says Bossman. At school, she became withdrawn. She was terrified of making mistakes. Easy homework took more than an hour to complete; she erased her work until the paper tore.

After getting no answers from her pediatrician, Bossman went to another pediatric practice -- then another. Then she consulted a child psychologist, who gave a name to Karli's set of symptoms: obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The average age of children affected by early-onset OCD is 10. Karli was only 5.

Bossman left with a pamphlet about OCD, which said that one possible cause was PANDAS, short for Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal infections. A relatively new and controversial disorder, PANDAS means that in some children, exposure to Group A strep (the bacteria that cause strep throat) triggers the severe symptoms of OCD.

When Bossman reminded her pediatrician that Karli had had strep throat six months before, he dismissed the possibility of PANDAS, saying it was rare. So she consulted an allergist, a behavior therapist, and a neurologist but couldn't find a doctor who'd treat PANDAS -- or, in some cases, had even heard of it. Bossman faithfully took Karli to cognitive behavioral therapy, but her OCD symptoms didn't improve.

After two years, Bossman found the name of Denis A. Bouboulis, M.D., a board-certified immunologist who specializes in treating PANDAS. But he was in Darien, Connecticut, a ten-hour car ride away. So she did what any desperate mom would do: She made an appointment, got in her car with Karli one morning before dawn, and drove.

Within four days of that meeting and starting treatment on antibiotics, Karli got better. And as the weeks went by, she stayed better. "Ninety percent of her symptoms went away," says Bossman, attributing the success to prolonged courses of antibiotics (one to two months at a time), instead of the standard ten days. Since then, Karli has had recurrences of her OCD symptoms, but Bossman believes her daughter has vastly improved. "I wonder what our lives would be like now if I hadn't read that pamphlet," she says.

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Comments
Comments (15)
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brocha38 wrote:

I've suffered from OCD since I was about 6 yrs old (since the late 1970s). And as a kid I suffered from recurrent cases of severe Strep throat. Mom took me to specialists. White bumps on tonsils etc. I'm the only one in my family with OCD. And the only one who had what was essentially permanent strep throat! I'd heard that there was a link between the two, but now there is more concrete evidence of the connection. I love that this article even explains WHY.

5/7/2012 09:40:57 PM Report Abuse
ocdmom1 wrote:

Bravo for helping to raise awareness of this issue! My daughter was diagnosed with OCD last year. Although hers was not caused by PANDAS, I am thrilled with anything that will help other families get their kids properly diagnosed and into treatment more quickly.

3/29/2012 06:29:43 PM Report Abuse
mjtuhy77 wrote:

There is a great local T.V. show called Kids First which just did a two part episode on P.A.N.D.A.S. The show is hosted by Rosalie Greenberg, M.D. who is the author of the book, "Bipolar Kids-Finding Calm in the Mood Storm" It is a wonderful resource for parents who believe their child is suffering from this. www.kidsfirstrgmd.com and go to the show page to view online!

3/1/2012 08:01:10 PM Report Abuse
akellypie wrote:

About 3 weeks ago my 4yr old got Strep throat, and overnight he developed major mood swings,tics, sleeping problems etc.. You name it, he's got it. I went to see his doctor and she just brushed us off saying that it's "hard to prove, but she did give us a referal to a Neurologist. I'm making an appointment tomorrow. Some days are better than others, but the mood swings..I just don't know what to do.

2/20/2012 07:51:05 PM Report Abuse
edsjas wrote:

Not all antibiotics work for PANDAS. We tried several, some making it worse. Augmentin has Clavulanic Acid in it which researchers have found will get rid of OCD in animals. It also has anti-inflammatory effects and can cross the blood brain barrier. Check for carriers of strep in your family and pets. Our cat was the carrier. Strep can be found in the throat, eyes, ears, nose, skin, rectally and vaginally. Check ASO and Anti-DNASE for evidence of strep, not just throat cultures.

2/16/2012 12:10:57 PM Report Abuse
edsjas wrote:

IVIg was a miracle treatment for our son who was normal for a week after IVIg. Unfortunately he wasn't put on prophylactic Augmentin. It took two more strep infections in which his symptoms came back with a vengeance and reading "Saving Sammy: curing the boy who caught OCD" for us to figure out that part. We needed to keep strep from coming back. Every time a PANDAS child gets strep their symptoms become worse exponentially and it takes longer to heal from it.

2/16/2012 11:59:17 AM Report Abuse
PANSparent wrote:

http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=could-infection-cause-tourettes-like-symptoms-teenage-girls "PANS is a new name for an old idea: that infections by bacteria, viruses or parasites can cause the sudden onset of neuropsychiatric ailments such as Tourette's and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)"

2/16/2012 11:54:45 AM Report Abuse
PANSparent wrote:

To MagEditor_Kara-It would have been easy to explain that there are many infectious triggers that cause PANS (not PANDAS) and included ALL the suffering children who manifest from other triggers. I guarantee that each "expert" you interviewed, explained that to you. Here's an example of some other great articles that do a great job fully explaining the disorder http://wholeness.com/media/PANDAS:_An_Immune-_Mediated_Mental_Illness.pdf

2/16/2012 11:52:52 AM Report Abuse
MagEditor_Kara wrote:

To PANSparent, though the story does focus on strep, it does mention mycoplasma as another possible trigger: One reason parents and doctors don't connect strep or other potential infection triggers like mycoplasma (which causes walking pneumonia) to a sudden change in a child's behavior is because there's often a lag, from one to six weeks.

2/16/2012 09:52:13 AM Report Abuse
drsiroonian wrote:

Thank you for this article! Our daughter went on SSRIs and CBT after a sudden onset of OCD/tics after a persistent sinus infection. SSRIs did nothing to help. After a year, I made an appt with an OCD specialist at Mass General who diagnosed her with PANDAS. Antibiotics saved her life! I know there are critics our there. But when you have a child who suffered with ocd/tics for a year and the disappear on antibiotics, you know it was caused by infection.

2/16/2012 08:33:35 AM Report Abuse
PANSparent wrote:

If you are going to share a medical story in a magazine that sits in the waiting room of nearly every pediatrician's office, across the country, at the very least, give these parents good resources for accurate information by letting them know they can contact reputable 501(c)3 organizations like the PANDAS Resource Network www.pandasresourcenetwork.org and International OCD foundation www.ocfoundation.org

2/15/2012 06:10:23 PM Report Abuse
PANSparent wrote:

Many children will continue to suffer and will be mis-diagnosed/un-diagnosed as this article claims that only group A strep can cause an exacerbation in neuro-psychiatric symptoms in children. By not mentioning other infectious triggers, such as mycolasma (walking pneunomia), EBV (mono), Lyme disease, that possibly may be the cause/contribute to a manifestation of PANS.

2/15/2012 06:04:16 PM Report Abuse
PANSparent wrote:

This article has some valuable information b-u-t what is the tragic part(and missing piece from your story)is that there are MANY infectious triggers that cause PANDAS hence the reason the NIH uses the term PANS (Pediatric Acute Neuropsychiatric Syndrome)now as a more correct acronym and name for this devastating disorder.

2/15/2012 06:02:46 PM Report Abuse
deborah_conner wrote:

Thank you raising awareness of PANDAS. Our daughter's PANDAS symptoms came on literally overnight 3 years ago when she was 8 years old and in the 2nd grade. After treatment with an antibiotic for several months and now a prophylactic dose, she is doing well. I lead a local support group and am contacted each month by new families. This illness is devastating to the family and child affected. Raising awareness so that PANDAS may be quickly diagnosed and treated is key!

2/15/2012 04:07:27 PM Report Abuse
itlgro wrote:

This is truly an amazing discovery! My oldest daughter had strep almost nonstop since she was 5 years old with OCD episodes just like the ones explained above. We had her tonsils taken out when she was 12 and she is a new kid. She has even gained some weight from eating more, sleeps better, hardly complains. I'm convinced this was her problems as well. This article is confirmation for me to what I suspected all along. Awareness is key! Good job finding the solution to this problem!

2/15/2012 12:57:53 PM Report Abuse
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